Convert meter/gallon (US) [m/gal (US)] to liter/100 km [L/100 km] • Fuel Efficiency, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy Converter • Common Unit Converters • Compact Calculator • Online Unit Converters (2024)

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Overview

Fuel efficiency, fuel economy, and fuel consumption are related concepts defined on the side of this page. Fuel economy and efficiency indicate how far a vehicle can travel using a given unit of fuel, while fuel consumption — the quantity of fuel used by a vehicle in order to move for a given distance. The more fuel the vehicle consumes, the less efficient it is, and the lower its fuel economy indicator.

Factors Contributing to Efficiency

The amount of fuel consumed by the vehicle and the efficiency with which it is consumed depends on a number of factors. The overall maintenance is one. In particular, friction, especially rolling friction affects efficiency. Maintaining the manufacturer recommended tire pressure and using lubricants with lower friction helps with minimizing the friction and thus increases fuel economy. Problems with steering increase friction, which in turn increases the use of fuel, for example, the case when the wheel pulls to one side and the driver has to apply constant pressure to the steering wheel when driving in a straight line. Different sources vary, but many believe that cleaning the air filter also improves fuel efficiency.

The overall weight of the car also affects fuel consumption. Heavier cars have lower efficiency. This weight includes both the car itself and the cargo. Therefore removing unnecessary cargo from the car, as well as manufacturing cars using lighter materials such as plastics and aluminum, allows increasing fuel economy. Car manufacturers constantly work on developing materials that are safe, strong, and resistant to impact, but at the same time light and inexpensive.

Aerodynamics affects fuel efficiency as well. Cars and other vehicles are designed to have as little air resistance as possible, and adding overhead storage containers and other items to the body of the car increases air resistance and fuel consumption.

Driving style also affects fuel economy. The optimal fuel economy is different for different vehicles, but generally, consumer vehicles are the most efficient when driving within the speed limits. Fuel consumption usually increases when driving over a speed of 50 kilometers or 30 miles per hour. This is because air resistance significantly increases with speed. However, this also depends on the car design, therefore it is necessary to examine each car’s specifications when considering its fuel economy. In addition, idling, as well as sudden starts and stops increase fuel consumption. Cruise control on the highway may help with maintaining a constant speed and optimize fuel usage. A warm engine uses less fuel, so one long trip may be more economical than several shorter ones. In cold weather this is particularly noticeable; fuel consumption during short trips can be doubled in cold winter conditions. Finally, using electrical systems such as headlights, the sound system, air conditioner, or the heater also increases fuel use. However, before turning off the climate control systems, one needs to consider the drag caused by opening windows instead of using the air conditioner, as the former may produce greater fuel consumption, depending on the vehicle’s movement and design.

Hypermiling

Creative driving to minimize fuel consumption is called hypermiling. It includes maintaining the vehicle in the best possible condition and improving aerodynamics through removing or adding parts to reduce drag and mass. One of the techniques is carrying less fuel in the tank. Drivers also try to achieve optimal speeds, for example avoiding traffic jams, buy cars with a manual transmission, carefully select the fuel type, use coasting techniques, and drive behind other vehicles to decrease the wind resistance. The latter may be dangerous if the vehicle is too close to the one in front of it. Additionally, it is often unsafe to drive slower than the surrounding cars. It is paramount that the drivers engaged in hypermiling address safety concerns before the fuel efficiency ones.

Global Fuel Efficiency Standards

Different countries have different fuel efficiency requirements and taxation systems, therefore manufacturers produce more fuel-efficient cars for some regions but not for others. For example, many European countries require higher fuel efficiency than the USA, therefore even the American manufacturers produce more fuel-efficient versions of a given car model for the European market than for the American one. Many countries have taxes on sales of cars with lower fuel economy, although the regulations differ per region, and some countries only tax new vehicles. Some countries require that the fuel economy information or rating is displayed on every vehicle for purchase.

Measuring Efficiency

Each country has standardized tests to measure efficiency to ensure that the efficiency data about a given vehicle provided by the automotive industry is correct. Generally the test measures efficiency in a range of conditions, including city and highway driving, at different speeds and for a limited distance. Additional conditions are often included, such as changes in acceleration and idling. Sometimes the climate control system is used. When comparing the fuel efficiency of different vehicles, especially on the global market, one needs to keep in mind the differences in these measures across countries. Most of the tests run in conditions more ideal than during the real-life driving, therefore the actual fuel efficiency of vehicles is generally lower than that indicated by the tests.

The Efficiency of Different Vehicles

At the time of writing (spring 2013) electric vehicles are considered to be the most fuel-efficient, followed by hybrid and diesel vehicles. This is because electric vehicles convert about 60% of electric energy, while gasoline vehicles convert about 20% of energy from burning gasoline. For non-gasoline vehicles efficiency and consumption are measured in equivalent units, for example, “miles per gallon of gasoline-equivalent,” which represents the amount of fuel equal in energy to a unit of gasoline.

References

This article was written by Kateryna Yuri

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Fuel Efficiency, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy Converter

Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work. The fuel efficiency of vehicles can be expressed as fuel consumption and fuel economy.

Fuel consumption is the amount of fuel used per unit distance; for example, litres per 100 kilometers (L/100 km). In this case, the lower the value, the more economical a vehicle is (the less fuel it needs to travel a certain distance). Fuel consumption is a reciprocal of fuel economy.

Fuel economy is the distance travelled per unit volume of fuel used; for example, kilometers per litre (km/L) or miles per gallon (MPG), where 1 MPG (imperial) ≈ 0.354006 km/L. In this case, the higher the value, the more economical a vehicle is (the more distance it can travel with a certain volume of fuel). Fuel economy is a reciprocal of fuel consumption.

Using the Fuel Efficiency, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Economy Converter Converter

This online unit converter allows quick and accurate conversion between many units of measure, from one system to another. The Unit Conversion page provides a solution for engineers, translators, and for anyone whose activities require working with quantities measured in different units.

You can use this online converter to convert between several hundred units (including metric, British and American) in 76 categories, or several thousand pairs including acceleration, area, electrical, energy, force, length, light, mass, mass flow, density, specific volume, power, pressure, stress, temperature, time, torque, velocity, viscosity, volume and capacity, volume flow, and more.
Note: Integers (numbers without a decimal period or exponent notation) are considered accurate up to 15 digits and the maximum number of digits after the decimal point is 10.

In this calculator, E notation is used to represent numbers that are too small or too large. E notation is an alternative format of the scientific notation a · 10^x. For example: 1,103,000 = 1.103 · 10⁶ = 1.103E+6. Here E (from exponent) represents “· 10^”, that is “times ten raised to the power of”. E-notation is commonly used in calculators and by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.

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• Enter the value (for example, “15”) into the left From box.
• The result will appear in the Result box and in the To box.
• Alternatively, you can enter the value into the right To box and read the result of conversion in the From and Result boxes.

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